Solutions and explanations for Previous Exam_2025_Summer Term.pdf are AI-generated based on notes. Official solutions are available in the document.

  1. b — Multi-sided platforms capture derivative value in the form of user data rather than direct monetary currency like equity or cash. Multi-Sided Business Models

  2. a — Positive affect leads to global, big-picture perception, so they first see the overall triangle rather than the local squares. Positive Affect

  3. c — Openness shows a stronger positive correlation with business performance (rₑ ≈ .21) than extraversion (rₑ ≈ .09). Meta-Analytic Findings: Big Five & Entrepreneurship

  4. b — Customized chocolate bars are better suited to direct/online channels than supermarkets, which are optimized for standardized, ready-made products. Distribution Channels

  5. b — Reductions in trust and cooperation characterize relationship conflict, whereas task conflict can actually improve idea exchange and decision quality. Types of Conflict

  6. c — The game benefited from being a late mover that could leverage existing smartphone infrastructure and app store distribution, not from a first-mover strategy. First-Mover vs. Last-Mover

  7. c — A decacorn is a privately held startup valued at over $10 billion. Growth Ambitions

  8. not relevant for Winter 2025

  9. not relevant for Winter 2025

  10. b — Backward-oriented equity splits focus on past contributions such as opportunity costs, rather than future-oriented factors like titles or future experience. Temporal Orientation

  11. This was not covered in Winter 2025

  12. a — Upcycling focuses on reusing existing materials, aligning with the effectuation principle of starting with the resources you already have (bird-in-hand). 1. Bird-in-Hand: Start With Resources

  13. d — The central route relies on systematic assessment of strong, logical arguments (central cues), unlike the peripheral route which depends on surface cues. Central Route of Persuasion

  14. b — A pivot is a major strategic shift that reallocates resources to a different opportunity or configuration, not just a minor operational tweak. Resource Mobilization

  15. c — Strong-tie teams must explicitly renegotiate roles because prior personal history can blur task roles and responsibilities. Strong Ties

  16. b — Vesting lets founders earn equity over time or milestones, aligning actual future contributions with ownership. Vesting

  17. not relevant for Winter 2025

  18. c — Risk (known probabilities) and uncertainty (unknown probabilities) pose fundamentally different challenges and call for different logics (causation vs. effectuation). Risk & Uncertainty

  19. c — According to Piaskowska et al., start-ups mainly struggle with resource constraints, whereas scale-ups are challenged by reconfiguring their internal resources and activities. Growing vs. Scaling

  20. c — Feeling good while working is characteristic of harmonious passion, whereas obsessive passion can cause distress when not working and risk burnout. Entrepreneurial Passion

  21. not relevant for Winter 2025

  22. c — Asking for a small initial “yes” (“Do you want to get fit and healthy?”) before presenting larger requests is the classic foot-in-the-door technique based on commitment and consistency. Foot-in-the-Door Technique

  23. a — The core effectuation principles are start with your resources (bird-in-hand), affordable loss, form partnerships (crazy quilt), and leverage surprises, not “iterate and adapt.” Effectuation: Revealing Opportunities

  24. not relevant for Winter 2025

  25. c — Vesting is a structured schedule where equity is granted gradually over time or upon reaching milestones. Vesting

  26. a — Zebras emphasize sustainable growth, mutualistic relationships, and community/value orientation rather than unicorn-style hyper-scaling. Growth Ambitions

  27. b — Multi-sided models earn revenue from paying customers on one side to access or reach a different user group on the other side. Multi-Sided Business Models

  28. b — First movers can shape customer preferences and set reference points before competitors enter. First-Mover vs. Last-Mover

  29. d — Titles belong to forward-oriented splits (future roles and status), whereas backward orientation focuses on idea premium, capital contributed, and opportunity costs. Temporal Orientation

  30. not relevant for Winter 2025

  31. not relevant for Winter 2025

  32. not relevant for Winter 2025

  33. a — In the Input–Mediator–Outcome framework, team conflict is a process mediator triggered by inputs (e.g., composition) that then affects outcomes. Input-Mediator-Outcome Framework

  34. a — Displays and fridges are physical assets used to deliver and present the product, so they belong to Key Resources in the BMC. Key Resources

  35. a — Opportunity recognition here is driven mainly by the surgeon’s prior domain knowledge applied to a new technology (3D printing). Knowledge & Creativity